Welcome to this tutorial on Pact Contract Interaction!
Topics covered in this tutorial
- Pact Contract Interaction Overview
- Project Overview
- Project Environment Setup
- Auth Pact File
- Payments Pact File
- Payments REPL File
- Run the Smart Contract
- Review
The goal of this tutorial is to learn the basics of building interactions between modules in Pact. You will go over some of the fundamentals, then build a smart contract that allows users to both make and authorize payments using multiple Pact modules.
Pact Contract Interaction Tutorial
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Pact Contract Interaction Overview
Contract interaction allows you to set up more complex smart contracts by working with modules across multiple files. Having access to separate files allows you to break up your smart contracts into more manageable sizes. It also allows you to use helpful files that others have created.
In the image below, you can see that there are 2 files, module-1 and module-2. In this case, module-2 is using module-1 to call functions that exist within the module. The REPL file then loads and uses both of these modules to call functions and facilitate the interaction.
The three most helpful Pact functions to keep in mind for Contract Interaction are load, use, and function calls.
Load
Load and evaluate a file.
(load "file.repl")(load "file.repl")Use
Import an existing module into a namespace.
(use MODULE)(use MODULE)Once the interaction is set up between files, all function calls can be done the same as if the function existed within that file.
Project Overview
The idea of working with multiple modules and files is easiest to demonstrate with an example. For that reason, the rest of this tutorial is focused on getting you up and running with your own project.
Before getting started with this application, take a look at the visual overview. This provides a summary of each of the features you will be creating for the Pact Contract Interaction project.
The goal of this project is to write a function in auth.pact to use within payments.pact. Payments.pact will then use auth.pact to call specific functions. You will then load modules from both of these files into the payments.repl file to run the interaction between these contracts.
Project Files
Each number in the image corresponds to one of the files you will work with.
| auth.pact | Responsible for authorizing users. |
| payments.pact | Responsible for handling payments between users. |
| Payments.repl | Loads and runs modules from both auth.pact and payments.pact. |
git clone https://github.com/kadena-io/pact-lang.org-code.gitgit clone https://github.com/kadena-io/pact-lang.org-code.gitcd pact-lang.org-code/interactioncd pact-lang.org-code/interactionatom .atom .1.1 Enforce User Auth
The function you will write will enforce user authentication for payments made with accounts. This will be a valuable function for restricting access to either admins or account users, ensuring each user is the only person that has control over their account.
2. Payments Pact File
Next, you will work on the payments.pact file.
The goal is to use the auth module, then call the function you wrote within the payments module to specify authorization for users.
2.1 Use Auth
The first step is to get access to the auth module. You can do this with the Pact special form use.
The syntax for use looks like this.
(use MODULE)(use MODULE)It’s simple but extremely powerful! This is what will allow you to call functions from the auth module.
(function-name parameter)(function-name parameter)2.4 Pay
Finally, it’s important that payments are authorized by the owner of the account. This will ensure that only the person who has the money is able to send it to others.
That completes the payment module.
You are now ready to set up this contract interaction using the payments.repl file!
3. Payments REPL File
You can now finish this project by completing on the payments.repl file.
The goal is to use both the auth and payments module, then coordinate interactions between them.
3.1 Load Auth Module
To get started, you need access to the auth module from within the payments.repl file.
This is done using load.
(load "file.pact")(load "file.pact")Try using load to complete the code challenge.
3.2 Load Payments Module
Next, you need to load the payments module into the payments.repl file.
This can be done the same way as you did with the auth module.
3.3 Use Auth Module
You now have access to both the auth and payments module from within the payments.repl file. After loading each file, you also need to specify that you are using them.
Like before, this can be done with the special form use.
(use MODULE)(use MODULE)3.4 Use Payments Module
Finally, you need to use the payments module. Write one final line of code that uses the payments module and completes your set up for contract interaction.
:::caution "Code Challenge"
Use the payments module from within the payments.repl file.
:::
You are now finished setting up your contract interaction. Congratulations!
4. Run REPL File
After completing your contract interaction project, you can now see it all work together.
To do this, navigate back to your terminal.
From the terminal, you can navigate into 1-start folder if you have worked within this directory. If not, you can also navigate to the 3-finish folder for an example of the completed application.
cd 3-finishcd 3-finishOpen Pact.
pactpactLoad the payments.repl file.
(load "payments.repl")(load "payments.repl")The output to your terminal should look similar to the image shown below.
Review
Congratulations on completing this introduction to Pact Contract Interaction!
In this tutorial, you learned the basics of contract interaction and built a smart contract that allowed users to both make and authorize payments. This allowed you to extend the functionality of your smart contract to include multiple files, and you can now use this to build more complex smart contracts in any project.
Take a look back at some of the modules you have written or examples that you’ve come across. Are there any interesting new ways that you think these contracts could work together? Give it a try and see if you can come up with an entirely new smart contract that combines these interesting features in new ways!